One God (Ik Onkar) created the universe through divine will (hukam). Before creation, God existed in a state of abstract meditation (sunn samadhi). Creation emerged from the divine Word (Shabad). Multiple worlds and realms exist.

Guru Granth Sahib as eternal Guru. Rejection of caste, ritual formalism, and asceticism. Emphasis on householder life and community service.

To merge the soul with God through devoted remembrance (naam simran), overcome the five thieves (lust, anger, greed, attachment, pride), and escape the cycle of reincarnation. Selfless service and honest living are paths to God.

Suffering arises from haumai (ego/self-centeredness) and separation from God. Karma operates but is subordinate to God's grace (nadar). Suffering can be a tool for spiritual growth. God's will (hukam) encompasses all, but human free will and moral responsibility coexist.

Less emphasis on cosmic eschatology than on individual liberation. The soul transmigrates through 8.4 million life forms until it achieves union with God. The cycle of birth and death ends when the soul merges back into the divine. The universe operates under God's will (hukam).