Taxonomia Religionum

A Comparative Taxonomy for the World's Life Frameworks

29 traditions across 11 families, analyzed through 13 functional dimensions

Philosophical / Non-Theisticactive

Secular Humanism

Founded: Roots in Enlightenment (~18th century); formalized 20th centuryGlobal (Western origin)~~500 million to 1.2 billion (non-religious/atheist/agnostic worldwide) adherents

Taxonomy Axes

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Cosmogony & Origin

naturalistic

The universe originated through natural processes (Big Bang, ~13.8 billion years ago). Life evolved through natural selection over ~3.8 billion years. No supernatural creation event. The universe is not created for humanity — humans are a product of blind evolutionary processes on an ordinary planet. This is the explicit rejection of all cosmogonic narratives in the taxonomy.

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Values & Ethics

consequentialist

Ethics derived from human reason, empathy, and empirical consequences — not divine command. The Amsterdam Declaration (2002) and Humanist Manifesto III (2003) as key documents. No sacred texts; continuous revision based on evidence.

Purpose & Salvation

autonomous agent

No cosmic purpose. Humans create their own meaning through relationships, creative work, pursuit of knowledge, and contributions to human flourishing. The absence of inherent cosmic purpose is not viewed as nihilistic but as liberating — meaning is authored, not discovered.

Suffering & Happiness

No theodicy needed (no God to justify). Suffering has natural causes: disease, natural disaster, human cruelty, structural injustice, and the indifference of the universe. Suffering is neither deserved nor redemptive — it is to be reduced through medicine, technology, social reform, and compassion. The 'problem of evil' is reframed as 'the problem of suffering' — solvable, not explainable.

Eschatology

this worldly

No eschatology. Death is the end of individual consciousness. There is no afterlife, no cosmic judgment, no resurrection, no reincarnation. The 'future' that matters is the future of humanity and the planet — addressed through science, policy, and collective action. Some secular humanists embrace transhumanist hopes (life extension, space colonization) but these are not doctrinal.

Dimension Profile

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Locus of Suffering
3
medium
Temporal Orientation
5
high
Agency Model
7
high
Knowledge Architecture
7
high
Individual vs Community
3
medium
Nature Relationship
4
medium
Body/Material Attitude
5
medium
Founder Authority
constructed
high
Theistic Density
1
high
Subsistence Mode
1
high
Religion Centrality
1
high
Settlement/Mobility
1
high
Transmission Mode
philosophical discourse
high

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