Taxonomia Religionum

A Comparative Taxonomy for the World's Life Frameworks

29 traditions across 11 families, analyzed through 13 functional dimensions

North American Indigenousactive

Navajo (Diné) Spirituality

Founded: Prehistoric (Southwest arrival 1000-1525 CE; traditions older)Diné Bikéyah (Four Corners: Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado)~~300,000+ Navajo Nation members (largest US reservation) adherents

Taxonomy Axes

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Cosmogony & Origin

emergence narrative

The Diné emerged upward through a series of lower worlds (usually four: Black, Blue, Yellow, and Glittering/White worlds) into the present Glittering World, guided by the Holy People (Diyin Dine'é). Four sacred mountains define the boundaries of Diné Bikéyah. Changing Woman (Asdzáá Nádleehé) is the most revered deity — she represents the cycle of seasons and renewal. Wind (Nilch'i) is the animating force of all life.

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Values & Ethics

purity harmony

Hózhó is the central organizing principle — not a value among values but the meta-framework for all values. Blessingway (Hózhóójí) is the foundational ceremony. Over 500 sand paintings parallel specific chants. Knowledge organized around four cardinal directions and parts of the day.

Purpose & Salvation

custodian of balance

To walk in beauty (Hózhóójí) — to live to maturity in the condition of hózhó and die of old age, incorporated into universal beauty and harmony. This is the ONLY framework in the taxonomy that places beauty/aesthetic harmony as the central purpose rather than truth, liberation, obedience, or balance. Healing ceremonies restore hózhó when it is disrupted.

Suffering & Happiness

Suffering is a state of hóchó (disharmony/ugliness/disorder) — the opposite of hózhó. It results from contact with something dangerous, violation of taboo, witchcraft (Skinwalkers), or disrespect to the Holy People. Crucially, suffering is aesthetic disruption: the world becomes ugly when balance is lost. Healing ceremonies (24+ chant complexes) restore beauty. The Enemy Way ceremony addresses the contamination of violence.

Eschatology

this worldly

No eschatology. The Diné focus is entirely this-worldly — achieving and maintaining hózhó in the present life. Death is treated with great caution; the dead are feared and contact with the dead is contaminating (requiring Enemy Way ceremony). Afterlife concepts are minimal and not central. The goal is a complete life in beauty, ending in natural death at old age.

Dimension Profile

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Locus of Suffering
4
high
Temporal Orientation
3
high
Agency Model
4
high
Knowledge Architecture
2
high
Individual vs Community
6
high
Nature Relationship
6
high
Body/Material Attitude
6
high
Founder Authority
no founder
high
Theistic Density
6
high
Subsistence Mode
4
high
Religion Centrality
7
high
Settlement/Mobility
5
high
Transmission Mode
oral primary
high

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