Taxonomia Religionum

A Comparative Taxonomy for the World's Life Frameworks

29 traditions across 11 families, analyzed through 13 functional dimensions

Southeast Asian Syncreticactive

Balinese Hinduism (Agama Hindu Dharma)

Founded: ~1st century CE influences; formalized ~14th-15th centuryBali, Indonesia~~4 million adherents

Taxonomy Axes

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Cosmogony & Origin

emanation

Blends Hindu cosmology (Brahma-Vishnu-Shiva) with indigenous animism. Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa is the supreme divine principle. The universe consists of visible (sekala) and invisible (niskala) realms. Cosmic balance between opposing forces (rwa bhineda) is fundamental.

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Values & Ethics

dharmic duty

Tri Hita Karana: harmony with God (parahyangan), people (pawongan), and nature (palemahan). Daily offerings maintain cosmic balance.

Purpose & Salvation

custodian of balance

To maintain cosmic balance between visible and invisible worlds through ritual, offerings, and ceremony. To achieve moksha over many lifetimes. Balinese social structure exists to maintain this balance.

Suffering & Happiness

Suffering arises from imbalance between sekala and niskala worlds, negative karma, neglect of ritual, or malevolent spirits (buta kala). Ritual purification and offerings restore balance. Demons are pacified through offerings, not destroyed.

Eschatology

cyclical renewal

Follows Hindu cyclical cosmology (yugas) with Balinese ritual expression. Individual souls cycle through reincarnation; liberated souls become deified ancestors (pitara). Ngaben (cremation) ceremonies free the soul. No distinct Balinese apocalyptic tradition.

Dimension Profile

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Locus of Suffering
4
medium
Temporal Orientation
3
medium
Agency Model
4
high
Knowledge Architecture
3
high
Individual vs Community
6
high
Nature Relationship
6
high
Body/Material Attitude
7
high
Founder Authority
no founder
high
Theistic Density
7
high
Subsistence Mode
3
high
Religion Centrality
7
high
Settlement/Mobility
2
high
Transmission Mode
text and oral
high

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Data completeness: seedSchema: v1.0.0